G.B. ENGLAND. Bradford. 1992. Preserving immigrant culture, Koranic class for the young in the Hanafia mosque in Bradford. Boys under the age of 12 read from the Koran while moving forward and backward. They will memorise their holy book before learning its meaning, a technique common to the Umma - the community of Allah. Modern educationalists condemn this method as developping memory to the detriment of the student's critical sense. Parents complain that the only to pre-teenage can control their children, and make them follow Koranic classes.